Exploring Key Factors of Coastal Defense System from Military Perspective in Surabaya Region using Delphi and Interpretive Structural Modeling

Abstract

In recent years, the expansion of coastal regions and the challenges posed by climate change have necessitated enhanced protection measures for coastlines, often through the deployment of coastal defense structures. Recognizing the importance of incorporating military insights into coastal defense strategies, this research aims to examine and integrate military perspective-driven factors into the planning and development process, leveraging interpretive modeling. The research draws upon coastal zone management and coastal defense systems theories, employing a qualitative descriptive statistical methodology and consulting with 18 experts. The Delphi method and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) were applied to gather and analyze data. This research was carried out in Surabaya, a historically significant port city situated on the coastal edge of Java Island. The findings reveal 15 key factors related to coastal defense, identified through literature review and expert evaluations. Using the ISM approach, these factors were analyzed to understand their interrelationships, resulting in a hierarchical structure of seven digraph levels. Intelligence (F7) emerged as a primary factor at level 1, while Legal Framework (F15) and Infrastructure (F3) were identified at the lower echelons of the hierarchy. Additionally, a MICMAC analysis was conducted, categorizing ten coastal defense factors into an independent cluster, three into a linkage cluster, and two into a dependency cluster, with no factors falling into the autonomous category. This classification underscores the significance of all identified factors in coastal defense planning and implementation