Unveiling the Shadows of the Maritime Industry: A Comprehensive Review of Shipping Accidents and Preventative Measures

Abstract

This review article delves into the complexities of shipping accidents, unraveling the multifaceted factors contributing to these catastrophic events that pose significant risks to human life, the environment, and the global economy. This underscores the persistent role of human error in maritime incidents despite advancements in technology and vessel design. This study explores the critical role of risk perception in shipping operations and discusses the effectiveness of the International Safety Management Code (ISM) in standardizing safety practices. The article also examines the methodologies employed in shipping accident investigations, highlighting their significance in identifying immediate causes and systemic deficiencies to prevent future occurrences. Finally, it highlights the contribution of accident theories in providing comprehensive frameworks to understand the interplay between human actions, organizational structures, and external factors, thereby guiding the development of holistic safety strategies. This review aims to shed light on the intricacies of maritime accidents and the concerted efforts required to enhance safety in the shipping industry.