Application of AIS Data and Analytics in Bunkering and Marine Spatial Planning

Abstract

This paper examines the role of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) in achieving sustainable development in the maritime domain, particularly by utilizing Automatic Identification System (AIS) data to improve decision-making processes for establishing bunkering zones at sea. The environmental and economic challenges associated with traditional port-based bunkering have been highlighted and a novel solution of strategically located bunkering stations at sea is proposed. The study brings out the use of AIS data analytics in determining optimal locations for these bunkering zones and monitoring. This involves analysing historical AIS data to identify high-traffic shipping routes and areas with low traffic density suitable for establishing bunkering zones. This has been explained with a case study in the northern Indian Ocean. Further, using real-time AIS data, monitoring vessel movements, predicting bunkering needs, and ensuring safety within the designated bunkering zones has been recommended. The proposed approach recommends creating designated "Bunkering Separation Lanes" (BSLs) within these zones to facilitate safe and efficient refueling operations while minimizing disruption to regular traffic. This method aims to reduce the environmental impact of bunkering, enhance efficiency, and generate economic benefits for stakeholders. The study brings out that relocating bunkering activities to designated zones at sea, supported by AIS data analytics, offers a promising solution to maritime development challenges.