The Evaluation of Awareness of Cyber Security in Shipping Operations Among Malaysian Seafarers

Abstract

The rapid development of the digitalization world has influenced maritime industries to upgrade their manually human-operated system to the technology of automatic and digital systems, increasing efficiency and exposing the sector to cyber threats. This research identifies key factors influencing cybersecurity in maritime security through expert interviews and assesses seafarers' awareness levels using surveys and thematic analysis. It shows that cyber security factors in shipping operations were based on two main factors: human error and the system in shipping operations. This study evaluates the cybersecurity awareness among Malaysian seafarers, focusing on their understanding of risks, preparedness for cyberattacks, and the effectiveness of existing initiatives to enhance cybersecurity awareness. Regression analysis is employed to evaluate data trends and relationships further. Despite ongoing initiatives by maritime organizations, such as cybersecurity guidelines and training courses, the rise in cyberattack cases calls into question the effectiveness of these measures. Findings reveal significant gaps in awareness, highlighting the need for improved training and organizational support. This research proposes actionable recommendations to enhance cybersecurity awareness, including tailored training programs, regular cybersecurity drills, and updates on emerging threats. By addressing these gaps, this research contributes to strengthening the resilience of Malaysian seafarers and the maritime industry against evolving cyber threats, ensuring safer and more secure shipping operations.