Monitoring Shallow Bathymetry and Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration Using Only Satellite-Based Measurements

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of the Mandalika International Circuit construction on coastal sediment dynamics and water quality in Kuta Beach, Lombok, by analyzing changes in shallow bathymetry and the Concentration of Suspended Particulate Matter (Cspm) from 2019 to 2024. Using only satellite-based data, including Sentinel-2 imagery and ICESat-2-derived depth points, this study applies Satellite-Derived Bathymetry (SDB) and empirical models to monitor environmental changes associated with large-scale coastal development. The results show a significant increase in Cspm concentrations over the six-year period, particularly near the shoreline after the completion of construction in 2022. Bathymetric analysis reveals initial sediment accretion in the western nearshore area during the construction phase (2019-2022), followed by notable erosion between 2022 and 2024. These patterns highlight the lasting influence of construction on sediment transport and seabed morphology. Beyond assessing environmental impacts, this research also demonstrates the effectiveness of remote sensing as a practical and scalable method for monitoring dynamic coastal systems. The findings support the integration of satellite-based observation into long-term coastal management strategies, especially in data-scarce or rapidly developing regions.