Smart Ports Meet Green Ports: Developing a Unified Performance Measurement Framework

Abstract

The rapid evolution of port performance, driven by technological advancements and sustainability goals, has led to the emergence of smart and green ports. This systematic review examines the integration of smart port technologies with green port practices to develop a unified performance measurement framework. Analyzing 18 peer-reviewed articles using PRISMA protocol, the study identifies key themes such as green and smart port performance measurement, evaluation methodologies and models, governance strategies and sustainability. Core technologies enabling this transformation include Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), automation, and renewable energy systems, while comprehensive Key Performance Indicators KPIs and Smart Performance Indicators SPIs are proposed to measure smart and green ports performance across operational, environmental, and financial dimensions. The findings highlight the importance of integrated approaches that combine technological innovation with stakeholder engagement and policy support to enhance port competitiveness and sustainability. Challenges such as high implementation costs, legacy system integration, and regulatory complexity are discussed, alongside opportunities for operational excellence and environmental benefits. The research contributes to academic and practical understanding by proposing standardized evaluation models and implementation strategies for port authorities and policymakers.