Transforming Maritime Logistics through Integrated Emerging Technologies: A Comprehensive Framework for Smart Port Operations and Sustainable Shipping

Abstract

The maritime industry facilitates over 90 percent of global trade through sea routes; however, it is facing soaring operational inefficiencies, fragmented data systems, and compulsory decarbonisation policies by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). This study investigates and empirically supports an overarching technological infrastructure that analyses the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), Blockchain Application, Internet of Things (IoT), Digital Twins (DT), and Autonomous Systems in maritime logistics. The assessment of technology adoption patterns, operational and implementation barriers within the framework of Indian smart ports is conducted using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) comprising 55 peer-reviewed publications and supported by semi-structured interviews with industry practitioners. This paper is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Technology Organisation-Environment (TOE) model, and, as a result, nine-construct readiness model is developed. According to Structural equation modelling through partial least squares (PLS-SEM), Organisational Readiness (β = 0.498) and Perceived Barriers (β = -0.441) are the most salient predictors of overall transformation. The research provides practical suggestions to port authorities, shipping companies, and policymakers involved in the quest for sustainable digital transformation, drawing on knowledge of technological convergence, the international law of the sea, and Indian regulatory standards.