Eco-Friendly Activated Carbon from Oman Seashells: A Step Toward Cleaner Marine Operations

Abstract

This study explores the use of activated carbon derived from marine source seashells and date syrup for effective of micropollutant treatment (acetaminophen, Potassium chromate) aligning with environmental compliance and green shipping initiatives. The produced activated carbon (micro, meso and macro pore) exhibited a high surface area of 850 m²/g and adsorption capacity of 150 mg/g for heavy metal chromium, demonstrating excellent pollutant removal efficiency. Batch adsorption tests revealed optimal performance at pH 6 with a contact time of 120 minutes and the maximum yield of 73.5% for Acetaminophen micro pollutant and 68.75% potassium chromate for HTL. The material showed strong reusability, maintaining 74% efficiency after five cycles. Integration of this sustainable adsorbent supports cleaner maritime operations by reducing toxic discharge into marine environments. Its local availability and cost-effectiveness enhance feasibility for widespread adoption in shipping wastewater management.