Key Factors Of Cyber Threat In Digital Navigation Using Delphi-Ism Approach

Abstract

Cyber threats are illegal operations that use technology to help criminal organisations or individuals achieve their goals, whether they be political or economic. Cyber navigation in the context of maritime cybersecurity refers to the use of digital tools and systems to guarantee the efficient, safe, and effective navigation of ships. The purpose of this study is to investigate and clarify how cyber threat elements affect digital navigation. Digital Navigation Theory and Cyber Digital Theory are incorporated within its theoretical framework. A questionnaire was sent to twelve experts using the Delphi approach to determine the elements impacting cyber dangers. After this approach, eight crucial factors that contribute to cyber threats were identified. The relationships between these cyber threat elements were then mapped out using the Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach. The investigation identified four different levels of factor interaction. Internal threats (A3), firewall vulnerabilities (A4), improper use of position data, and the Automatic Identification System (AIS) are all included in Level I. Signal manipulation (A7) was recognized at Level II. Threats to IT systems (A8) and the installation of navigation equipment (A5) are included in Level III. Lastly, Level IV analyses variables that have a direct influence on cyber threats, mainly the frequency of cyber threats in Indonesia (A2) and Military Operations Other Than War (A1).