Finite element-based optimization of wind turbine blade twist for balanced aerodynamic efficiency and structural integrity

Abstract

The aerodynamic efficiency of a wind turbine is reliant on the design of its blades. To maximize wind energy conversion, the turbine blades must be positioned at the optimal angle to face the oncoming wind throughout their length. This is achieved through blade twisting. However, while increasing the twist angle can enhance power output, it may compromise structural integrity. This paper presents the optimization process for the twisting angle of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) model, focusing on structural integrity and power output. An iterative design-based optimization approach, utilizing Finite Element modeling under static load, is employed to ensure structural strength. A direct analysis method is employed to optimize the twisting angle for power output. The NACA 2412 airfoil is selected for blade design using SolidWorks. Structural analysis of various twisted HAWT blade models is conducted in ANSYS Mechanical and QBlade software. The twisting angle derived from structural analysis is then compared with the twisting angle obtained from power output analysis to determine the final twisted model that meets both criteria.