A Decade of Bridge Resource Management - An Analytical Review

Resumen

Bridge Resource Management (BRM) has become a fundamental framework for improving navigational safety in response to the increasing complexity of modern maritime operations. Despite significant advances in ship technology, accident investigations consistently identify human and organizational factors such as poor communication, inadequate situational awareness, ineffective leadership, and weak teamwork as primary contributors to maritime casualties. This study presents an analytical review of the development, application, and effectiveness of BRM over the past decade, since it full adapted in 2017 with particular emphasis on its role in mitigating human error and strengthening maritime safety culture.
The research examines the evolution of BRM from its origins in aviation Crew Resource Management (CRM) to its formal integration into the international regulatory framework through the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) and related International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidance. It analyzes current BRM training methods, regulatory requirements, and operational practices, drawing on academic studies, industry publications, and international standards. The findings indicate that while BRM has been widely institutionalized and contributes positively to safety awareness, its practical effectiveness is often limited by inconsistent training standards, individual-focused learning approaches, hierarchical barriers to communication, and inadequate assessment and feedback mechanisms.
The study concludes that BRM must evolve from a compliance-driven training requirement into a continuous, team-based operational practice embedded in daily bridge operations. Recommendations are proposed for maritime authorities, training academies, and shipping companies to enhance BRM effectiveness through scenario-based team training, improved assessment methods, constructive feedback systems, and stronger integration of human–automation interaction.